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Research / Europe value map

Updated September 2026

Europe's best and worst places for value

Cost of living against quality of life for software engineers, charted the way the classic city value maps do it, but from 1,599 crowdsourced reports by engineers living there.

Tallinn gives engineers the most quality of life per euro right now, with Krakow, Prague, Belgrade close behind. At the other end of the cost scale, Zurich, Basel are expensive and worth it. The bad value quadrant, above-median cost for below-median quality of life, currently holds Copenhagen, Berlin, Paris, Dublin.

Key findings

  1. Tallinn is the best value city in the data right now: engineers there report a livability score of 74.4 on a cost of living of €17,469 per person per year, about 31% of what living in Zurich costs (€55,716, livability 82). #
  2. The best value quadrant is a Central and Eastern European story: 100% of its cities (Tallinn, Krakow, Prague, Belgrade) are in the region, pairing below-median costs with above-median quality of life. #
  3. High cost does not buy quality of life in Copenhagen, Berlin, Paris, Dublin: all sit above the median on cost and below it on livability. The most-reported of them is Berlin (98 reports, livability 61.3 at €24,379 per person). #
  4. Expensive but worth it exists: Zurich, Basel, Vienna pair above-median costs with some of the highest livability scores in the data, so the premium buys something real. #
  5. Cheap is not the same as good value: Zagreb, Cluj-Napoca, Lisbon, Bucharest sit below the median on cost and on quality of life. If the goal is savings alone they work; as places to live, engineers rate them lower. #
  6. At country level, Czechia leads the value board (livability 91.2 at €19,636 per person), while the most-reported country in the bad value quadrant is Germany: 224 engineers there report above-median costs with below-median quality of life. #

Cities: quality of life per euro

Every dot is a city with at least 5 pay reports and 5 quality-of-life ratings. Up means engineers there rate life better; right means living there costs more of what they earn. The dashed lines split the field at the median, so each quadrant is relative to the other cities on the chart, and dot size shows how many engineers the numbers rest on.

Europe's best and worst cities for value

Western & Northern Europe
Southern Europe
Central & Eastern Europe
002020404060608080100100Best valueHigh quality of life, low costPremium lifeExpensive, but worth itBudget livingCheap, but not as comfortableBad valueHigh cost, low quality of lifeBerlin, Germany: cost of living €24,379/person/yr, livability 61.3, 98 submissionsBerlinZurich, Switzerland: cost of living €55,716/person/yr, livability 82, 57 submissionsZurichLondon, United Kingdom: cost of living €40,046/person/yr, livability 68.2, 55 submissionsLondonAmsterdam, Netherlands: cost of living €36,634/person/yr, livability 70.6, 54 submissionsAmsterdamBarcelona, Spain: cost of living €22,125/person/yr, livability 67.8, 54 submissionsBarcelonaMadrid, Spain: cost of living €21,923/person/yr, livability 62.8, 51 submissionsMadridWarsaw, Poland: cost of living €22,369/person/yr, livability 73.1, 49 submissionsWarsawCopenhagen, Denmark: cost of living €24,296/person/yr, livability 62.2, 45 submissionsCopenhagenMilan, Italy: cost of living €21,997/person/yr, livability 62.3, 43 submissionsMilanMunich, Germany: cost of living €23,621/person/yr, livability 70.8, 41 submissionsMunichLisbon, Portugal: cost of living €18,839/person/yr, livability 61.3, 38 submissionsLisbonParis, France: cost of living €26,912/person/yr, livability 60.5, 37 submissionsParisBelgrade, Serbia: cost of living €17,107/person/yr, livability 65.2, 34 submissionsBelgradePorto, Portugal: cost of living €19,595/person/yr, livability 55.8, 26 submissionsPortoKrakow, Poland: cost of living €20,215/person/yr, livability 81.5, 22 submissionsKrakowVienna, Austria: cost of living €23,159/person/yr, livability 75.1, 22 submissionsViennaVilnius, Lithuania: cost of living €23,964/person/yr, livability 66.8, 21 submissionsVilniusDublin, Ireland: cost of living €29,979/person/yr, livability 55.4, 20 submissionsDublinTurin, Italy: cost of living €19,414/person/yr, livability 61, 20 submissionsTurinPrague, Czechia: cost of living €21,105/person/yr, livability 79.2, 19 submissionsPragueStockholm, Sweden: cost of living €21,528/person/yr, livability 62.8, 17 submissionsStockholmHamburg, Germany: cost of living €19,063/person/yr, livability 52.9, 15 submissionsHamburgBucharest, Romania: cost of living €15,603/person/yr, livability 58.8, 15 submissionsBucharestRome, Italy: cost of living €21,820/person/yr, livability 51.2, 14 submissionsRomeHelsinki, Finland: cost of living €26,240/person/yr, livability 67, 13 submissionsHelsinkiCluj-Napoca, Romania: cost of living €19,520/person/yr, livability 63.2, 13 submissionsCluj-NapocaTallinn, Estonia: cost of living €17,469/person/yr, livability 74.4, 11 submissionsTallinnBrussels, Belgium: cost of living €23,486/person/yr, livability 74, 10 submissionsBrusselsValencia, Spain: cost of living €19,954/person/yr, livability 58.3, 10 submissionsValenciaZagreb, Croatia: cost of living €14,571/person/yr, livability 64.9, 10 submissionsZagrebLuxembourg: cost of living €30,340/person/yr, livability 71.1, 9 submissionsLuxembourgBasel, Switzerland: cost of living €39,831/person/yr, livability 77.5, 7 submissionsBaselCost of living, percentile · more expensive →Quality of life, percentile · better →
Both axes are percentile ranks among the 32 cities shown. Cost of living = average after-tax pay minus yearly savings, per person supported. Quality of life = the /data Livability score (developer happiness + infrastructure). Source: eurotoptech.com/research/europe-value-map

Countries: the same map, zoomed out

Country averages smooth out the city extremes and rest on deeper samples (every country here has at least 15 pay reports). The pattern holds: value concentrates in Central and Eastern Europe, and several of the highest-paying markets buy less life quality per euro than their reputations suggest.

Europe's best and worst countries for value

Western & Northern Europe
Southern Europe
Central & Eastern Europe
002020404060608080100100Best valueHigh quality of life, low costPremium lifeExpensive, but worth itBudget livingCheap, but not as comfortableBad valueHigh cost, low quality of lifeGermany: cost of living €23,111/person/yr, livability 36.5, 224 submissionsGermanySpain: cost of living €20,677/person/yr, livability 46.9, 154 submissionsSpainItaly: cost of living €18,332/person/yr, livability 30.2, 146 submissionsItalyPoland: cost of living €20,844/person/yr, livability 75.7, 112 submissionsPolandSwitzerland: cost of living €45,136/person/yr, livability 84.6, 98 submissionsSwitzerlandUnited Kingdom: cost of living €34,770/person/yr, livability 39.4, 86 submissionsUnited KingdomPortugal: cost of living €19,666/person/yr, livability 28, 82 submissionsPortugalNetherlands: cost of living €32,393/person/yr, livability 49, 81 submissionsNetherlandsFrance: cost of living €24,211/person/yr, livability 38.4, 54 submissionsFranceDenmark: cost of living €25,463/person/yr, livability 41.1, 52 submissionsDenmarkRomania: cost of living €18,291/person/yr, livability 47, 41 submissionsRomaniaSerbia: cost of living €15,578/person/yr, livability 61.6, 39 submissionsSerbiaIreland: cost of living €29,730/person/yr, livability 24.2, 31 submissionsIrelandAustria: cost of living €22,259/person/yr, livability 78.6, 28 submissionsAustriaSweden: cost of living €19,717/person/yr, livability 55.9, 25 submissionsSwedenCzechia: cost of living €19,636/person/yr, livability 91.2, 23 submissionsCzechiaBelgium: cost of living €21,862/person/yr, livability 66.1, 22 submissionsBelgiumFinland: cost of living €25,328/person/yr, livability 37, 20 submissionsFinlandCroatia: cost of living €15,123/person/yr, livability 47.3, 15 submissionsCroatiaCost of living, percentile · more expensive →Quality of life, percentile · better →
Both axes are percentile ranks among the 19 countries shown. Cost of living = average after-tax pay minus yearly savings, per person supported. Quality of life = the /data Livability score (developer happiness + infrastructure). Source: eurotoptech.com/research/europe-value-map

Methodology & what these numbers are

One source: 1,599 approved self-reported submissions behind the data explorer, aggregated per city and country exactly as /data does it (averages per place). Cost of living is average after-tax pay minus yearly savings, divided by the people an engineer supports: what engineers actually spend, not a shopping-basket index. Quality of life is the Livability composite: the average of each place's developer happiness and infrastructure ratings, scaled 0 to 100 across places.

Both axes are then converted to percentile ranks among the places charted, which is how the classic value maps spread the field: position shows order, not euro gaps, and the quadrants split at the median. Cities need 5 pay reports and 5 ratings to appear, countries 15 and 5, mirroring the thresholds on /data. Full definitions live in the public methodology. Numbers recompute hourly. Updated September 2026.

Cite this data

Euro Top Tech, Europe Value Map (2026): cost of living vs quality of life for software engineers across European cities and countries, from crowdsourced engineer reports. https://www.eurotoptech.com/research/europe-value-map

The numbers behind the dots

Sorted by value: quality-of-life rank minus cost rank. The same aggregates, sliceable by tab, live on the data explorer.

Cities

CityRegionCost of living /person/yrLivabilityAvg net payAvg savings /yrReports
TallinnEstoniaCentral & Eastern Europe€17,46974.4€53,944€24,81811
KrakowPolandCentral & Eastern Europe€20,21581.5€75,815€35,33822
PragueCzechiaCentral & Eastern Europe€21,10579.2€64,533€28,88819
ZagrebCroatiaCentral & Eastern Europe€14,57164.9€50,760€19,20010
BelgradeSerbiaCentral & Eastern Europe€17,10765.2€67,231€33,90934
ViennaAustriaWestern & Northern Europe€23,15975.1€47,547€18,12522
Cluj-NapocaRomaniaCentral & Eastern Europe€19,52063.2€63,621€32,61513
WarsawPolandCentral & Eastern Europe€22,36973.1€85,564€45,75549
BrusselsBelgiumWestern & Northern Europe€23,48674€89,858€45,00010
LisbonPortugalSouthern Europe€18,83961.3€46,525€16,38838
BucharestRomaniaCentral & Eastern Europe€15,60358.8€68,459€38,20015
BarcelonaSpainSouthern Europe€22,12567.8€62,291€28,53954
MunichGermanyWestern & Northern Europe€23,62170.8€52,637€17,75841
TurinItalySouthern Europe€19,41461€39,066€13,90520
StockholmSwedenWestern & Northern Europe€21,52862.8€53,849€15,35317
ZurichSwitzerlandWestern & Northern Europe€55,71682€140,718€62,35757
BaselSwitzerlandWestern & Northern Europe€39,83177.5€109,048€53,2867
MadridSpainSouthern Europe€21,92362.8€50,780€23,64751
MilanItalySouthern Europe€21,99762.3€43,577€16,25043
VilniusLithuaniaCentral & Eastern Europe€23,96466.8€70,813€36,12221
HamburgGermanyWestern & Northern Europe€19,06352.9€51,320€14,97315
LuxembourgWestern & Northern Europe€30,34071.1€82,344€31,7789
ValenciaSpainSouthern Europe€19,95458.3€59,600€24,88010
PortoPortugalSouthern Europe€19,59555.8€41,658€12,32626
HelsinkiFinlandWestern & Northern Europe€26,24067€96,512€49,07713
AmsterdamNetherlandsWestern & Northern Europe€36,63470.6€101,746€49,02754
LondonUnited KingdomWestern & Northern Europe€40,04668.2€105,900€46,99555
CopenhagenDenmarkWestern & Northern Europe€24,29662.2€62,248€28,15845
RomeItalySouthern Europe€21,82051.2€32,740€9,82914
BerlinGermanyWestern & Northern Europe€24,37961.3€62,104€22,45698
ParisFranceWestern & Northern Europe€26,91260.5€68,468€30,96837
DublinIrelandWestern & Northern Europe€29,97955.4€90,142€38,65320

Countries

CountryRegionCost of living /person/yrLivabilityAvg net payAvg savings /yrReports
CzechiaCentral & Eastern Europe€19,63691.2€73,361€36,14823
SerbiaCentral & Eastern Europe€15,57861.6€63,417€31,73739
CroatiaCentral & Eastern Europe€15,12347.3€58,133€24,40015
PolandCentral & Eastern Europe€20,84475.7€78,046€39,922112
RomaniaCentral & Eastern Europe€18,29147€65,720€34,21541
SwedenWestern & Northern Europe€19,71755.9€52,295€17,59325
AustriaWestern & Northern Europe€22,25978.6€47,353€19,25028
BelgiumWestern & Northern Europe€21,86266.1€64,117€30,18222
SpainSouthern Europe€20,67746.9€55,551€25,301154
ItalySouthern Europe€18,33230.2€40,709€15,673146
SwitzerlandWestern & Northern Europe€45,13684.6€120,745€51,34798
PortugalSouthern Europe€19,66628€43,536€13,77182
NetherlandsWestern & Northern Europe€32,39349€83,661€37,10681
DenmarkWestern & Northern Europe€25,46341.1€62,968€26,95852
FranceWestern & Northern Europe€24,21138.4€62,830€26,48154
GermanyWestern & Northern Europe€23,11136.5€58,603€21,535224
FinlandWestern & Northern Europe€25,32837€82,731€39,80020
United KingdomWestern & Northern Europe€34,77039.4€87,516€35,74986
IrelandWestern & Northern Europe€29,73024.2€84,312€32,28531

Where this could be wrong

Percentile axes stretch small gaps. Ranks spread the field evenly, so two cities a few livability points apart can sit far apart on the chart. The tables above carry the raw numbers; read close calls there, not off the dots.

Cost here is spending, not prices. Pay minus savings bakes lifestyle in: a city where engineers earn more and spend more reads as expensive even if groceries are cheap. That is the measure we want (it reflects the life engineers actually live), but it is not a price index.

Some dots rest on thin samples. The gates (5 reports for cities) keep noise down, not out. Dot size shows the sample; small dots move as new submissions land. If your city is missing or thin, adding your numbers literally puts it on the map.

Frequently asked

What are the best value cities in Europe for software engineers?

By crowdsourced cost of living against reported quality of life, the best value cities right now are Tallinn (livability 74.4, €17,469/person/yr), Krakow (livability 81.5, €20,215/person/yr), Prague (livability 79.2, €21,105/person/yr), Belgrade (livability 65.2, €17,107/person/yr). All pair above-median quality of life with below-median living costs.

Which European cities are the worst value for engineers?

Copenhagen, Berlin, Paris, Dublin currently combine above-median living costs with below-median reported quality of life. That does not make them bad places to work (pay and job supply are separate questions), but engineers there report getting the least life quality per euro spent.

Which European countries give software engineers the most for their money?

Czechia (livability 91.2 at €19,636/person/yr), Serbia (livability 61.6 at €15,578/person/yr), Croatia (livability 47.3 at €15,123/person/yr), Poland (livability 75.7 at €20,844/person/yr). Each ranks above the median on reported quality of life and below it on cost of living among the 19 countries with enough data.

How is value measured on this map?

Two axes, both percentile ranks among the places shown. Cost of living is what engineers actually spend: average after-tax pay minus yearly savings, per person supported. Quality of life is the Livability score from the /data explorer, the average of developer happiness and infrastructure ratings from engineers living in each place. The quadrants split at the median of each axis.


Go deeper

These charts sharpen with every submission. Add your numbers in 2 minutes, anonymously.